Share
array:24 [ "pii" => "S2341192922000828" "issn" => "23411929" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redare.2021.05.008" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-05-01" "aid" => "1340" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor" "copyrightAnyo" => "2021" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Version). 2022;69:310-1" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S003493562100178X" "issn" => "00349356" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redar.2021.05.008" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-05-01" "aid" => "1340" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2022;69:310-1" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">CARTA AL DIRECTOR</span>" "titulo" => "El factor humano en el proceso de toma de decisiones críticas" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "310" "paginaFinal" => "311" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "The human factor in critical decision making" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "R. Blasco Mariño, F. Clau Terré, F. Landucci, A. Biarnes-Suñé" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Blasco Mariño" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Clau Terré" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Landucci" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Biarnes-Suñé" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2341192922000828" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redare.2021.05.008" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341192922000828?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S003493562100178X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/00349356/0000006900000005/v1_202205061153/S003493562100178X/v1_202205061153/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S234119292200083X" "issn" => "23411929" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redare.2021.05.009" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-05-01" "aid" => "1346" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Version). 2022;69:311-3" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Director</span>" "titulo" => "Spinal fracture secondary to resuscitation procedures. Clinical and medicolegal issues" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "311" "paginaFinal" => "313" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Fractura espinal secundaria a maniobras de resucitación. Implicaciones clínicas y medicolegales" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1120 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 406367 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">External examination: a) Several intracardiac puncture wounds (arrows) can be seen above a precordial leathery plaque (long arrows), suggestive of forceful cardiac massage manoeuvres. b, c) Post mortem radiograph showing localised sclerosis on the corners of the vertebrae (vertebral body squaring) secondary to previous vertebral erosions (black arrows). Fine syndesmophytes can be seen at the same level, forming intervertebral bone bridges (thin white arrows). There is clear ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament (thick white arrows), a sign of “bamboo spine”. The vertebral discs are normal in height. d, e) The spinal column after removal of soft tissue, showing spinal fusion with ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL). The red arrows indicate the fracture e). A vertebral haemangioma can also be seen in D7 (yellow arrow in d). The asterisk in e) shows a large nutrient foramen in the vertebral angioma.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "E. Dorado Fernández, C. Sebastián Sebastián, A. Aso Vizán, J. Aso Escario" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Dorado Fernández" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Sebastián Sebastián" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Aso Vizán" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Aso Escario" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0034935621001845" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redar.2021.05.013" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034935621001845?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S234119292200083X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23411929/0000006900000005/v1_202206100555/S234119292200083X/v1_202206100555/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2341192922000713" "issn" => "23411929" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redare.2022.05.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-05-01" "aid" => "1293" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Version). 2022;69:306-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Case report</span>" "titulo" => "Case report: Baxter's nerve radiofrequency in patient with plantar fasciitis nonresponsive to conventional treatment" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "306" "paginaFinal" => "309" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Reporte de caso: radiofrecuencia de nervio de Baxter en paciente con fascitis plantar refractaria a manejo convencional" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "L. Caicedo Gutiérrez, D. Moreno Martínez" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Caicedo Gutiérrez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Moreno Martínez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0034935621001006" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redar.2021.02.003" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034935621001006?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341192922000713?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23411929/0000006900000005/v1_202206100555/S2341192922000713/v1_202206100555/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Director</span>" "titulo" => "The human factor in critical decision making" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "To the Editor:" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "310" "paginaFinal" => "311" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "R. Blasco Mariño, F. Clau Terré, F. Landucci, A. Biarnes-Suñé" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Blasco Mariño" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "rblasco@vhebron.net" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Clau Terré" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Landucci" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Biarnes-Suñé" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Tratamiento del Dolor, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Recerca Vall d’Hebron (VHIR)" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anestesiología y Cuidados Críticos, Hospital San Giovanni di Dio, Florencia, Italy" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "El factor humano en el proceso de toma de decisiones críticas" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anaesthesiology is a specialty that has grown in popularity over the previous year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Anaesthesia management in critical situations during the pandemic has showcased the flexibility of anaesthesiologists and also, perhaps, our little-known medical and human skills<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>. Managing critical scenarios is challenging. Our development as clinicians able to work in any type of critical situation (pre- and intra-hospital) has been guided by scientific evidence and training. However, what happens when we have to deal with a hitherto unknown clinical problem? What happens when the number of intubated patients increases exponentially and ultimately exceeds the resources of the healthcare system? Our intention in this letter is to describe how the human factor can influence our decision-making process in critical scenarios.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the first wave of the pandemic, a 70-year-old woman was admitted to the intensive care unit due to bilateral SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia that required immediate oral intubation and pronation. Nine days later, we performed blind percutaneous tracheotomy. Due to fear of infection and uncertainties at that time regarding the infectiousness of the virus, the procedure was not guided by fibreoptic bronchoscopy in order to avoid exposing the operators to the virus in an open airway. Several hours later, the patient presented thoracic and cervical subcutaneous emphysema with progressive desaturation, and was diagnosed with bilateral pneumothorax. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy revealed a tear in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pars membranosa</span> and dissection of the pre-oesophageal space about 5 cm above the carina. Ventilation and respiratory parameters improved after the cannula had been replaced with a reinforced tube. Surgical repair was ruled out due to the patient’s age and the severity of her clinical condition, and she ultimately died due to respiratory complications 15 days after admission.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">COVID-19 patients typically require prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation, often requiring tracheotomy. In patients with COVID-19, this technique is particularly challenging to clinicians as it is an aerosol-generating procedure that can put them at risk of infection. Studies published so far have observed no difference between the percutaneous and surgical approach in terms of timing or infection of healthcare workers<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>. Measures such as changing the ventilation mode from mechanical to spontaneous, administering muscle relaxants, or using closed suction systems to seal the bronchoscope can help reduce the spread of the virus<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3–7</span></a>. Percutaneous tracheostomy is usually performed under fibreoptic bronchoscopy to guide insertion of the needle and ensure that the posterior wall of the trachea is not injured during dilation.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The COVID-19 pandemic has given us an opportunity to show our strengths and weaknesses, and we have encountered many cases such as the one reported here, although we usually prefer not to share them. We usually work following guidelines, but what happens when cannot rely on our training to guide our actions, and our work involves not only a risk for our patients, but also for ourselves? Can we act appropriately when we are forced to work under circumstances that have not been foreseen or rehearsed in even the worst contingency plans? At the beginning of the pandemic, the need to react rapidly to ever increasing healthcare demands forced us to rely on evidence from isolated case reports, small patient series, and/or low-quality studies. During the pandemic, our decision-making processes were undermined by the relentless pressure of caring for so many patients, by our own fears and instinct for self-preservation, and decades of evidence-based medicine were swept away and replaced by emergency-based medicine. Lack of evidence forms the basis of cognitive bias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>. Lack of evidence is the context, the setting; we act with this setting, and are therefore compelled to make decisions. Fear is an emotional reaction to our surroundings that strengthens our convictions and modifies our choices.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed how emotions can influence the decision-making process: fear leads to irrational thinking and misjudgement. Continuing education must be prioritized to prevent mistakes from being repeated. The safety of both patients and clinicians is mandatory; therefore, standard operating procedures should be followed in any emergency setting. COVID-19 has shown how cognitive bias makes us behave irrationally in an emergency situation, and that fear must always be taken into account in critical decision making.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Authors/collaborators</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RB: supervised the data collection, took part in writing and preparing the manuscript.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">FC: contributed significantly to the revision and design of the manuscript.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">FL: contributed significantly to the revision and design of the manuscript.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">AB: supervised the data collection, took part in writing and preparing the manuscript.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All authors have reviewed and approved the final document.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Authors/collaborators" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Blasco Mariño R, Clau Terré F, Landucci F, Biarnes-Suñé A. El factor humano en el proceso de toma de decisiones críticas. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2022;69:310–311.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Anesthesiology and the Anesthesiologists at COVID-19" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "C. Ferrando" 1 => "M.J. Colomina" 2 => "C.L. Errando" 3 => "J.V. Llau" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "67" "paginaInicial" => "289" "paginaFinal" => "291" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tracheostomy in the COVID-19 pandemic" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "F. Mattioli" 1 => "M. Fermi" 2 => "M. Ghirelli" 3 => "G. Molteni" 4 => "N. Sgarbi" 5 => "E. Bertellini" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00405-020-05982-0" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "277" "paginaInicial" => "2133" "paginaFinal" => "2135" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32322959" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Consensus Document of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC), the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) and the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR) on Tracheotomy in Patients with COVID-19 Infection" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R. Villalonga Vadell" 1 => "M.C. Martín Delgado" 2 => "F.X. Avilés-Jurado" 3 => "J. Álvarez Escudero" 4 => "C. Aldecoa Álvarez-Santuyano" 5 => "C. de Haro López" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "67" "paginaInicial" => "504" "paginaFinal" => "510" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tracheostomy for COVID-19: business as usual?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "B.A. McGrath" 1 => "M.J. Brenner" 2 => "S.J. Warrillow" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Anaesth" "fecha" => "2020" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Consensus guidelines for managing the airway in patients with COVID-19: Guidelines from the Difficult Airway Society, the Association of Anaesthetists the Intensive Care Society, the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine and the Royal College of Anaesthetists" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T.M. Cook" 1 => "K. El-Boghdadly" 2 => "B. McGuire" 3 => "A.F. McNarry" 4 => "A. Patel" 5 => "A. Higgs" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/anae.15054" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anaesthesia" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "75" "paginaInicial" => "785" "paginaFinal" => "799" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32221970" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Percutaneous tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19: sealing the bronchoscope with an in-line suction sheath" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C. Al Yaghchi" 1 => "C. Ferguson" 2 => "G. Sandhu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.bja.2020.04.068" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Anaesth" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "125" "paginaInicial" => "e185" "paginaFinal" => "e186" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32386837" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Recommendation of a practical guideline for safe tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Takhar" 1 => "A. Walker" 2 => "S. Tricklebank" 3 => "D. Wyncoll" 4 => "N. Hart" 5 => "T. Jacob" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00405-020-05993-x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "277" "paginaInicial" => "2173" "paginaFinal" => "2184" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32314050" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A pandemic of cognitive bias" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "F. Landucci" 1 => "M. Lamperti" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Intensive Care Med" "fecha" => "2020" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "2" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/23411929/0000006900000005/v1_202206100555/S2341192922000828/v1_202206100555/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "66474" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letter to the Director" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23411929/0000006900000005/v1_202206100555/S2341192922000828/v1_202206100555/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341192922000828?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
