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Inicio Revista de Psicodidáctica (English Edition) Effect of the EFE-P program on the improvement of executive functions in Early C...
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Vol. 26. Issue 1.
Pages 20-27 (January - June 2021)
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Vol. 26. Issue 1.
Pages 20-27 (January - June 2021)
Original
Effect of the EFE-P program on the improvement of executive functions in Early Childhood Education
Efecto del programa EFE-P en la mejora de las funciones ejecutivas en Educación Infantil
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Miriam Romero-López
Corresponding author
miriam@ugr.es

Corresponding author.
, M. Carmen Pichardo, Ana Justicia-Arráez, Francisco Cano-García
Department of Evolutionary Psychology and Education, University of Granada, Spain
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Distribution of participants by school, group and gender
Table 2. Mean scores and standard deviations for the study variables, by groups and phases
Table 3. Summary of hierarchical regression analyses predicting post-intervention test scores (i.e., each executive function measure), after controlling for baseline scores and school
Table 4. Linear mixed model results for intervention effects on the variables inhibition and emotional control
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Abstract

Intervention to improve executive functions is crucial in preschool education because preschoolers benefit most from intervention programs. The objective of this study is to present the results obtained from implementing the "Executive Function Training Program in Preschool" (EFE-P), which is claimed to improve inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility. The participants in this study are 100 children aged five to six years, drawn from two schools in Granada (Spain). In order to assess the impact of the program, pre- and post-intervention measurements are obtained from members of the experimental group, and these compared with corresponding measurements for a control group, using hierarchical regression and linear mixed model analysis. Executive functions are evaluated using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Preschool Version (BRIEF-P). The study results show that the intervention program has a significant impact on all the executive function variables analyzed, with large effect sizes (Cohen’s f and Hedges’ g). Executive functions are essential for many of the skills required in adult life, such as memory, creativity, flexibility, self-control and compliance with rules and norms. For this reason, there is a real need to create programs that promote the development of these functions in the early stages of life. Programs such as EFE-P can be implemented by teachers within the standard curriculum, using materials that are readily available in schools.

Keywords:
Executive development
Inhibitory control
Working memory
Cognitive flexibility
Early Years Education
Intervention
Resumen

La intervención para la mejora de las funciones ejecutivas es crucial en educación preescolar puesto que el alumnado de esta etapa obtiene mayores beneficios de los programas de intervención. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación del “Programa de entrenamiento en funciones ejecutivas en educación infantil” (EFE-P), con el que se pretende la mejora del control inhibitorio, la memoria de trabajo y la flexibilidad cognitiva. Los participantes en este estudio son 100 niños y niñas de cinco y seis años, procedentes de dos colegios de Granada (España). Para evaluar el impacto del programa, se obtienen mediciones previas y posteriores a la intervención de los miembros del grupo experimental, y se comparan con las mediciones correspondientes a un grupo de control, utilizando la regresión jerárquica y el análisis mediante un modelo lineal mixto. Las funciones ejecutivas se evalúan mediante la Evaluación Conductual de la Función Ejecutiva - Versión Infantil (BRIEF-P). Los resultados del estudio muestran que el programa de intervención tiene un impacto significativo en todas las variables de función ejecutiva analizadas, con grandes tamaños de efecto (f de Cohen y g de Hedges). Las funciones ejecutivas son esenciales para muchas de las aptitudes necesarias en la vida adulta, como la memoria, la creatividad, la flexibilidad, el autocontrol y el cumplimiento de las reglas y normas. Por esta razón, existe una necesidad real de crear programas que promuevan el desarrollo de estas funciones en las primeras etapas de la vida. Los programas validados como el EFE-P pueden ser llevados a cabo por el profesorado dentro del plan de estudios estándar, utilizando materiales que están fácilmente disponibles en las escuelas.

Palabras clave:
Desarrollo ejecutivo
Control inhibitorio
Memoria de trabajo
Flexibilidad cognitiva
Educación infantil
Intervención

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