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Vol. 70. Núm. 6.
Páginas 267-273 (diciembre 2001)
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Vol. 70. Núm. 6.
Páginas 267-273 (diciembre 2001)
Acceso a texto completo
Factores predictivos de la recidiva de cáncer colorrectal
Predictive factors for colorectal cancer recurrence
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F. García-Anguianoa
Autor para correspondencia
fidelgad@teleline.es

Correspondencia: Dr. F. García-Anguiano Duque. Carvajal, 2, 1.° E. 35004 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
, J. Marchena, J.A. Martín, G. Gómez, E. Nogués
Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva
J. Hernández*
* Jefe de Servicio. Hospital de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
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Resumen
Introducción

El seguimiento estrecho y no selectivo de todos los pacientes intervenidos de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) supone un gran consumo de recursos y tiempo, cuya necesidad se ha cuestionado. Sería ideal conocer a priori a aquellos pacientes con mayor probabilidad de recidiva que serían los que verdaderamente se van a beneficiar de una estrecha vigilancia.

Objetivos

Definir una población de alto riesgo de recidiva de CCR según parámetros comúnmente empleados en la clínica y laboratorio.

Pacientes y método

Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y longitudinal de 398 pacientes intervenidos de CCR en nuestra institución entre 1988 y 1995. Se recogieron los datos correspondientes a filiación, antecedentes personales, síntomas clínicos relevantes (masa palpable, anemia, perforación, oclusión); datos de laboratorio; marcadores tumorales, localización del tumor, tipo y carácter de la intervención, estadio TNM, grado de diferenciación, presencia de mucina, transfusiones perioperatorias, complicaciones postoperatorias, infecciones, recidiva y supervivencia libre de enfermedad. El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 33,6 meses. Se analizó la relación de estas variables con la supervivencia libre de recidiva mediante el test de rangos logarítmicos. Posteriormente, se introdujeron las variables significativas en un modelo de regresión de Cox para determinar los factores pronósticos independientes que se relacionaban con la recidiva.

Resultados

La muestra estudiada constaba de 398 pacientes, 204 varones (51,4%) y 194 mujeres (48,7%); edad media: 65,30 años (rango: 21-91) (DE: 13,46; IC del 95%: 63,98-66,63). Recidivaron 85 pacientes (21,4%), siendo la probabilidad de estar libre de recidiva a los 5 años del 63,47%. En el análisis bivariante se relacionaron con la recidiva de forma estadísticamente significativa los siguientes parámetros: edad (p = 0,007); clínica de complicación (perforación/ oclusión) (p = 0,009); valores de GGT (p = 0,02); CEA alterado (p = 0,04); localización rectal (p = 0,03); cirugía urgente (p = 0,01); penetración transmural (p = 0,001); ganglios afectados (p = 0,0001) y absceso de pared (p = 0,0005). El resto de los parámetros no se relacionó con la recidiva. En el análisis multivariante permanecieron como factores predictivos independientes los siguientes: edad (p = 0,02; OR = 0,98); valores de GGT (p = 0,001; OR = 3,15); localización en recto (p = 0,04; OR = 2,03); absceso de pared (p = 0,04; OR = 1,9), y afección ganglionar (p = 0,0001; OR = 4,72).

Conclusiones

La identificación de una población de alto riesgo de recidiva tumoral podría permitir un seguimiento postoperatorio más selectivo con vistas a disminuir recursos y costes.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer colorrectal
Recidiva
Factores predictivos
Introduction

Close, non-selective postoperative follow- up of patients with colorectal cancer involves high resource use and is time-consuming and its necessity has been questioned. Patients at high risk of recurrence could be identified and undergo close surveillance.

Aim

To define a population at high risk for colorectal cancer recurrence based on commonly used clinical, laboratory and histologic parameters.

Patients and method

Retrospective, descriptive and longitudinal study of 398 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal neoplasm in our hospital between 1988 and 1995. Data on familial and personal antecedents, relevant clinical symptoms (palpable mass, anemia, perforation, occlusion), laboratory tests, tumoral markers, tumoral localization, type of surgery, tumor-node-metastasis classification, histologic grade of differentiation, presence of mucin, perioperative transfusions, postoperative complications, infections, recurrence and disease-free survival were recorded. Mean follow-up was 33.6 months. To determine the relationship between these variables and disease-free survival bivariate analysis using the Logrank test was performed. To determine the independent prognostic factors associated with recurrence, significant variables were subsequently introduced in multivariate analysis using Cox regression model.

Results

The sample consisted of 398 patients; 204 (51.4%) men and 194 (48.7%) women. Mean age was 65.3 years (21-91 years) (SD: 13.46; 95% CI: 63.98- 66.63 years). Eighty five patients (21.4%) relapsed. The probability of disease-free survival at 5 years was 63.47%. In the bivariate analysis the following variables showed a statistically significant association with recurrence: age (p = 0.007, clinical complications (perforation or obstruction) (p = 0.009); gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels (p = 0.02); alterations in carcinoembryonic antigen levels (p = 0.04); localization in the rectum (p = 0.03); emergency surgery (p = 0.01); wall penetration (p = 0.001); ganglionic node involvement (p = 0.0001) and wall abscess (p = 0.0005). No relationship was found between the remaining variables and recurrence. In the multivariate analysis independent prognostic factors were age (p = 0.02; OR = 0.98); GGT levels (p = 0.001; OR = 3.15); localization in the rectum (p = 0.04; OR: 2.03); wall abscess (p = 0.04; OR = 1.9) and ganglionic node involvement (p = 0.0001; OR: 4.72).

Conclusions

Identification of patients at high risk for recurrence could allow more selective postoperative follow-up, thus reducing resource use and costs.

Key words:
Colorectal cancer
Recurrence
Predictive factors
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