Pacientes y método. Han sido estudiados 40 pacientes con adenocarcinoma gástrico. Se han amplificado seis microsatélites localizados en los cromosomas 2, 5, 17 y 18. Las variables estudiadas son: edad, localización de los tumores, tipo histológico, estadio clinicopatológico y presencia de invasión vascular o linfática.
Resultados. La frecuencia de inestabilidad es del 27,5% (11/40). La edad de los pacientes con fenotipo inestable es de 70,7 años (DE = 2,9), la de los no inestables de 60,4 (DE = 2,1; p < 0,05). No se ha demostrado una asociación con la localización, tipo histológico y estadio clinicopatológico. El 95% (10/11) de los adenocarcinomas que presentan invasión vascular o linfática no tienen inestabilidad genómica (p < 0,005).
Conclusiones. La inestabilidad genómica es uno de los mecanismos genéticos implicados en la carcinogénesis gástrica. Los tumores inestables se asocian a una mayor edad y presentan con menor frecuencia invasión vascular o linfática
Patients and method. The study population was comprised of 40 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Six microsatellites located on chromosomes 2, 5, 17 and 18 were amplified. The variables assessed were patient age, tumor site, histological type, clinicopathological stage and the presence of vascular or lymphatic invasion.
Results. Microsatellite instability was detected in 27.5% of the patients (n = 11). The mean age of this subgroup was 70.7 ± 2.9 years and that of the subgroup in which instability was absent was 60.4 ± 2.1 years; p < 0.05). There was no significant association between the presence of instability and the site, histological type or clinicopathological stage of the lesions. Ten of the eleven adenocarcinoma patients with vascular or lymphatic invasion (95%) did not present microsatellite instability (p < 0.005).
Conclusions. Genomic instability is one of the genetic mechanisms implicated in gastric carcinogenesis. Genetically unstable tumors are associated with more advanced age and a lower incidence of vascular or lymphatic invasion