metricas
covid
Buscar en
Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis
Toda la web
Inicio Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis Mejoría de la disfunción endotelial en individuos con hipercolesterolemia mode...
Información de la revista
Vol. 13. Núm. 1.
Páginas 1-8 (enero 2001)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 13. Núm. 1.
Páginas 1-8 (enero 2001)
Acceso a texto completo
Mejoría de la disfunción endotelial en individuos con hipercolesterolemia moderada y enfermedad coronaria tratados con pravastatina
Improvement of endothelial dysfunction in patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease treated with pravastatin
Visitas
1779
J.F. Mecoa,
Autor para correspondencia
jfmeco@csub.scs.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Prínceps d’Espanya. Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona.
, R. Vilab, E. Corbellaa, R. Pujola, M. Ruza tarrioRibasc, X. Pintóa
a Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Barcelona
b Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Barcelona
c Servicio de Cardiología. Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge (CSUB). Barcelona
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Antecedentes

La hipercolesterolemia es un factor de riesgo bien conocido de la enfermedad cardiovascular y está asociado con la disfunción del endotelio arterial. Diversos trabajos han demostrado que la disminución del colesterol en pacientes con concentraciones altas de colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (cLDL) mejora la función endotelial, pero el efecto de tratar los aumentos moderados de colesterol no es bien conocido.

Métodos y resultados

Hemos estudiado el efecto de disminuir el cLDL sobre la función endotelial en pacientes con enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC) e hipercolesterolemia moderada (cLDL £ 4,9 mmol/l, colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad [cHDL] ³ 0,9 mmol/l y triglicéridos £ 2,2 mmol/l). La vasodilatación dependiente del endotelio mediada por variaciones del flujo (DMF) en respuesta a la hiperemia reactiva se midió mediante ecografía de la arteria braquial, antes y después del tratamiento con pravastatina (40 mg/día durante 6 meses) en 10 pacientes con EAC y DMF alterada (<10%). Después del tratamiento con pravastatina el cLDL disminuyó de 3,86 a 2,86 mmol/l (p = 0,016), la apolipoproteína (apo) B de 1,21 a 0,96 g/l (p = 0,041), y el cHDL aumentó de 1,25 a 1,46 mmol/l (p = 0,012). La DMF aumentó después del tratamiento con pravastatina de un 5,23 a un 10,17% (p = 0,028). La función endotelial se normalizó en un paciente (10%), mejoró en cinco (50%) y no sufrió cambios en cuatro (40%). No hubo correlación entre las concentraciones plasmáticas de cLDL y el grado de vasodilatación.

Conclusiones

Estas observaciones indican que en los pacientes con concentraciones moderadamente altas de cLDL y EAC el tratamiento con pravastatina mejora la función endotelial de las arterias braquiales, disminuye las concentraciones de cLDL y de apo B, y aumenta las de cHDL.

Palabras clave:
Disfunción endotelial
Hipercolesterolemia
Colesterol de las LDL
Pravastatina
Enfermedad arterial coronaria
Ecografía arterial
Background

Hypercholesterolemia is a wellknown risk factor of cardiovascular disease which is associated with dysfunction of arterial endothelium. Several studies have shown that cholesterol lowering in patients with high LDL-c levels improves endothelial function, but the effect of treating moderately elevated cholesterol levels is not well known.

Methods and results

We have studied the effect of decreasing LDL-c on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and moderate hypercholesterolemia (LDL-c £ 4.9 mmol/l, HDL-c ³ 0.9 mmol/l and triglycerides £ 2.2 mmol/l). Flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation (FMD) in response to reactive hyperemia was measured by means of brachial ultrasound, before and after pravastatin treatment (40 mg daily for 6 months) in 10 patients with CAD and impaired FMD (<10%). After pravastatin therapy LDL-c decreased from 3.86 to 2.86 mmol/l (p = 0.016), apolipoprotein (apo) B from 1.21 to 0.96 g/l (p = 0.041), and HDL-c increased from 1.25 to 1.46 mmol/l (p = 0.012). The FMD increased after pravastatin treatment from 5.23 to 10.17% (p = 0.028). Endothelial function was normalized in 1 (10%) patient, improved in 5 (50%) and did not change in 4 (40%). No correlation was observed between changes in LDL-c and the vasodilation degree before and after pravastatin therapy.

Conclusions

These observations indicate that in patients with moderately increased levels of LDL-c and CAD pravastatin treatment improves endothelial function of brachial arteries, decreases LDL-c and apoB, and increases HDL-c concentrations.

El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
J.R. Vane, E.E. Änggard, R.M. Botting.
Regulatory functions of the vascular endothelium.
N Engl J Med, 323 (1990), pp. 27-36
[2.]
T. Kawashima, A. Yashiro, H. Nandate, E. Himeno, Y. Oka, T. Kaku, et al.
Increased susceptibility of angiographically smooth left anterior descending coronary artery to an impairment of vasoresponse to acetylcholine, and the relation between impaired vasoresponse and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level.
Am J Cardiol, 75 (1995), pp. 1265-1267
[3.]
J.A. Vita, C.B. Treasure, E.G. Nabel, J.M. McLenachan, R.D. Fish, A.C. Yeung, et al.
Coronary vasomotor response to acetylcholine relates to risk factors for coronary artery disease.
Circulation, 81 (1990), pp. 491-497
[4.]
H. Drexler, A.M. Zeiher.
Endothelial function in human coronary arteries in vivo. Focus on hypercholesterolemia.
Hypertension, 18 (1991), pp. 90-99
[5.]
O.T. Raitakari, O.P. Pitkänen, T. Lehtimäki, S. Lahdenperä, H. Iida, S. Yla-Herttuala, et al.
In vivo low density lipoprotein oxidation relates to coronary reactivity in young men.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 30 (1997:), pp. 97-102
[6.]
D.S. Celermajer, K.E. Sorensen, V.M. Gooch, D.J. Spiegelhalter, O.I. Miller, I.D. Sullivan, et al.
Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis.
Lancet, 340 (1992), pp. 1111-1115
[7.]
K.G. Reddy, R.N. Nair, H.M. Sheehan, J.M. Hodgson.
Evidence that selective endothelial dysfunction may occur in the absence of angiographic or ultrasound atherosclerosis in patients with risk factors for atherosclerosis.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 23 (1994), pp. 833-843
[8.]
K.E. Sorensen, D.S. Celermajer, D. Georgakopoulos, G. Hatcher, D.J. Betteridge, J.E. Deanfield.
Impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation is an early event in children with familial hypercholesterolemia and is related to the lipoprotein(a) level.
J Clin Invest, 93 (1994), pp. 50-55
[9.]
K. Egashira, T. Inou, Y. Hirooka, A. Yamada, Y. Urabe, A. Takeshita.
Evidence of impaired endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilatation in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms.
N Engl J Med, 328 (1993), pp. 1659-1664
[10.]
P.L. Ludmer, A.P. Selwyn, T.L. Shook, R.R. Wayne, G.H. Mudge, W. Alexander, et al.
Paradoxical vasoconstriction induced by acetylcholine in atherosclerotic coronary arteries.
N Engl J Med, 315 (1986), pp. 1046-1051
[11.]
T. Neunteufl, R. Katzenschlager, A. Hassan, U. Klaar, S. Schwarzacher, D. Glogar, et al.
Systemic endothelial dysfunction is related to the extent and severity of coronary artery disease.
Atherosclerosis, 129 (1997), pp. 111-118
[12.]
A.P. Selwyn, S. Kinlay, M. Creager, P. Libby, P. Ganz.
Cell dysfunction in atherosclerosis and the ischemic manifestations of coronary artery disease.
Am J Cardiol, 79(Supl 5A (1997), pp. 17-23
[13.]
P. Leeson, S. Thorne, A. Donald, M. Mullen, P. Clarkson, J. Deanfield.
Non-invasive measurement of endothelial function: effect on brachial artery dilation of graded endothelial dependent and independent stimuli.
Heart, 78 (1997), pp. 22-27
[14.]
T.J. Anderson, A. Uehata, M.D. Gerhard, I.T. Meredith, S. Knab, D. Delagrange, et al.
Close relation of endothelial function in the human coronary and peripheral circulations.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 26 (1995), pp. 1235-1241
[15.]
P.O. Jr. Kwiterovich, J. Coresh, P.S. Bachorik.
Prevalence of hyperapobetalipoproteinemia and other lipoprotein phenotypes in men (aged £ 50 years) and women (£ 60 years) with coronary artery disease.
Am J Cardiol, 71 (1993), pp. 631-639
[16.]
H.B. Rubins, G. Schectman, T.J. Wilt, M.K. Iwane.
Distribution of lipid phenotypes in community-living men with coronary heart disease. High prevalence of isolated low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Arch Intern Med, 152 (1992), pp. 2412-2416
[17.]
J. Pekkanen, S. Linn, G. Heiss, C.M. Suchindran, A. Leon, B.M. Rifkind, et al.
Ten-year mortality from cardiovascular disease in relation to cholesterol level among men with and without preexisting cardiovascular disease.
N Engl J Med, 322 (1990), pp. 1700-1707
[18.]
K. Egashira, Y. Hirooka, H. Kai, M. Sugimachi, S. Suzuki, T. Inou, et al.
Reduction in serum cholesterol with pravastatin improves endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Circulation, 89 (1994), pp. 2519-2524
[19.]
W.H. Leung, C.P. Lau, C.K. Wong.
Beneficial effect of cholesterol-lowering therapy on coronary endothelium-dependent relaxation in hypercholesterolaemic patients.
Lancet, 341 (1993), pp. 1496-1500
[20.]
ES.G. Stroes, H.A. Koomans, TW.A. De Bruin, T.J. Rabelink.
Vascular function in the forearm of hypercholesterolaemic patients off and on lipid-lowering medication.
Lancet, 346 (1995), pp. 467-471
[21.]
C.B. Treasure, L. Klein, W.S. Weintraub, J.D. Talley, M.E. Stillabower, A.S. Kosinski, et al.
Beneficial effects of cholesterol-lowering therapy on the coronary endothelium in patients with coronary artery disease.
N Engl J Med, 332 (1995), pp. 481-487
[22.]
L.A. Simons, D. Sullivan, J. Simons, D.S. Celermajer.
Effects of atorvastatin monotherapy and simvastatin plus cholestyramine on arterial endothelial function in patients with severe primary hypercholesterolaemia.
Atherosclerosis, 137 (1998), pp. 197-203
[23.]
J. Dupuis, J.C. Tardif, P. Cernacek, P. Théroux.
Cholesterol reduction rapidly improves endothelial function after acute coronary syndromes. The RECIFE (REduction of Cholesterol in Ischemia and Function of the Endothelium) trial.
Circulation, 99 (1999), pp. 3227-3233
[24.]
G. O’Driscoll, D. Green, R.R. Taylor.
Simvastatin, an HMG-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, improves endothelial function within 1 month.
Circulation, 95 (1997), pp. 1126-1131
[25.]
M. Sabaté, A. Cequier, X. Pintó, J. Alió, J.A. Gómez-Hospital, B. García del Blanco, et al.
Improvement of endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion by cholesterol lowering in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Circulation, 92 (1995), pp. 1-40
[26.]
P. Mata, M. de Oya, F. Pérez-Jiménez, E. Ros Rahola.
Dieta y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis.
Clin Invest Arteriosclerosis, 6 (1994), pp. 43-61
[27.]
J.F. Meco, X. Pintó, J.M. Escribà, M. Vela, F. Jara, C. Pallarés, et al.
Cardiovascular risk factors associated with clinically isolated and diffuse atherosclerosis in Spanish patients with coronary artery disease.
Eur J Clin Invest, 28 (1998), pp. 643-650
[28.]
C.C. Allain, L.S. Poon, C.S. Chan, W. Richmond, P.C. Fu.
Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol.
Clin Chem, 20 (1974), pp. 470-475
[29.]
G.R. Warnick, J. Benderson, J.J. Albers.
Dextran sulfate-Mg2+ precipitation procedure for quantitation of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol.
Clin Chem, 28 (1982), pp. 1379-1388
[30.]
A. Sniderman, B. Teng, M. Jerry.
Determination of B protein of low density lipoprotein directly in plasma.
J Lipid Res, 16 (1975), pp. 465-467
[31.]
K.K. Steinberg, G.R. Cooper, S.R. Graiser, M. Rosseneu.
Some considerations of methodology and standardization of apolipoprotein A-I immunoassays.
Clin Chem, 29 (1983), pp. 415-426
[32.]
W.T. Friedewald, R.I. Levy, D.S. Fredrickson.
Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge.
Clin Chem, 18 (1972), pp. 499-502
[33.]
K.E. Sorensen, D.S. Celermajer, D.J. Spiegelhalter, D. Georgakopoulos, J. Robinson, O. Thomas, et al.
Non-invasive measurement of human endothelium dependent arterial responses: accuracy and reproducibility.
Br Heart J, 74 (1995), pp. 247-253
[34.]
P. Domènech, Banda E De la, J.F. Meco, X. Pintó, R. Vila, F. Martínez-Brotons.
Evolution of atherosclerotic risk factors and endothelial dysfunction in patients with hypoalphalipoproteinemia and coronary heart disease under bezafibrate treatment.
Thromb Haemost, (1999), pp. 730
[35.]
G.S. Gudmundsson, C.A. Sinkey, C.A. Chenard, P.J. Stumbo, W.G. Haynes.
Resistance vessel endothelial function in healthy humans during transient postprandial hypertriglyceridemia.
Am J Cardiol, 85 (2000), pp. 381-385
[36.]
Y. Tsurumi, H. Nagashima, K.I. Ichikawa, T. Sumiyoshi, S. Hosoda.
Influence of plasma lipoprotein(a) levels on coronary vasomotor response to acetylcholine.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 26 (1995), pp. 1242-1250
[37.]
A.M. Zeiher, V. Schächinger, J. Minners.
Long-term cigarette smoking impairs endothelium-dependent coronary arterial vasodilator function.
Circulation, 92 (1995), pp. 1094-1100
[38.]
J.A. Panza, A.A. Quyyumi, J.E. Jr. Brush, S.E. Epstein.
Abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension.
N Engl J Med, 323 (1990), pp. 22-27
[39.]
M.T. Johnstone, S.J. Creager, K.M. Scales, J.A. Cusco, B.K. Lee, M.A. Creager.
Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Circulation, 88 (1993), pp. 2510-2516
[40.]
G. Arcaro, M. Zamboni, L. Rossi, E. Turcato, G. Covi, F. Armellini, et al.
Body fat distribution predicts the degree of endothelial dysfunction in uncomplicated obesity.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (1999), pp. 936-942
[41.]
D.S. Celermajer, K.E. Sorensen, D.J. Spiegelhalter, D. Georgakopoulos, J. Robinson, J.E. Deanfield.
Aging is associated with endothelial dysfunction in healthy men years before the age-related decline in women.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 24 (1994), pp. 471-476
[42.]
M.P. Schlaich, S. John, M.R. Langenfeld, K.J. Lackner, G. Schmitz, R.E. Schmieder.
Does lipoprotein(a) impair endothelial function?.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 31 (1998), pp. 359-365
[43.]
G.N. Welch, J. Loscalzo.
Homocysteine and atherothrombosis.
N Engl J Med, 338 (1998), pp. 1042-1050
[44.]
K.S. Woo, P. Chook, Y.I. Lolin, A.S. Cheung, L.T. Chan, Y.Y. Sun, et al.
Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia is a risk factor for arterial endothelial dysfunction in humans.
Circulation, 96 (1997), pp. 2542-2544
[45.]
D.A. Cox, M.L. Cohen.
Effects of oxidized low-density lipoprotein on vascular contraction and relaxation: clinical and pharmacological implications in atherosclerosis.
Pharmacol Rev, 48 (1996), pp. 3-19
[46.]
R.E. Schmieder, H.P. Schobel.
Is endothelial dysfunction reversible?.
Am J Cardiol, 76 (1995), pp. 117-121
[47.]
T.J. Anderson, I.T. Meredith, A.C. Yeung, B. Frei, A.P. Selwyn, P. Ganz.
The effect of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant therapy on endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion.
N Engl J Med, 332 (1995), pp. 488-493
[48.]
J. Shepherd, S.M. Cobbe, I. Ford, C.G. Isles, A. Ross Lorimer, P.W. Macfarlane, et al.
Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. The WOS study.
N Engl J Med, 333 (1995), pp. 1301-1307
[49.]
The Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) study group. Prevention of cardiovascular eventsdeath with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels.
N Engl J Med, 339 (1998), pp. 1349-1357
[50.]
T.R. Pedersen.
Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S.
Lancet, 344 (1994), pp. 1383-1389
[51.]
W.P. Castelli.
Cholesterol and lipids in the risk of coronary artery disease. The Framingham Heart Study.
Can J Cardiol, 4 (1988), pp. 5-10
[52.]
A. Tamura, Y. Mikuriya, M. Nasu.
Effect of pravastatin (10 mg/day) on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with serum total cholesterol levels from 160 to 220 mg/dl and angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Coronary Artery Regression Study (CARS) Group.
Am J Cardiol, 79 (1997), pp. 893-896
[53.]
J.J. Badimon, V. Fuster, L. Badimon.
Role of high density lipoproteins in the regression of atherosclerosis.
Circulation, 86 (1992), pp. 86-94
[54.]
D.J. Gordon, J.L. Probstfield, R.J. Garrison, J.D. Neaton, W.P. Castelli, J.D. Knoke, et al.
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies.
Circulation, 79 (1989), pp. 8-15
[55.]
G.J. Miller, N.E. Miller.
Plasma-high-density lipoprotein concentration and development of ischaemic heart-disease.
Lancet, 1 (1975), pp. 16-19
[56.]
B.M. Rifkind.
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary artery disease: survey of the evidence.
Am J Cardiol, 66 (1990), pp. 3-6
[57.]
P.W. Wilson.
High-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and coronary artery disease.
Am J Cardiol, 66 (1990), pp. 7-10
[58.]
H.B. Rubins, S.J. Robins, D. Collins, C.L. Fye, J.W. Anderson, M.B. Elam, et al.
Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group.
N Engl J Med, 341 (1999), pp. 410-418
Copyright © 2001. Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis y Elsevier España, S.L.
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos