There is a growing chorus for the need to reflect on the heterogeneity of the family business concept.

An effective classification system must be based on the characteristics of the entities being classified.

We review extant classification systems and previous family firm definitions.

The core elements of the definitions are identified by bibliometric tools.

We analyze whether existing classifications systems are based on their main characteristics.

Family firms build on familiness and SEW.

SEW has a positive impact on organizational effectiveness.

Essence has a partial mediating effect on the relation between involvement and SEW.

Evolution of the literature combining international business and family firms.

Six promising areas for research through a dialogue between both disciplines.

A model for future research is proposed, linking the six topics.

This study empirically demonstrates the validity of the Beneish's model for the case of a Spanish quoted family business, Pescanova.

Identification of indexes aligned with the position of technical default shown by the pre-bankruptcy board of Pescanova.

Monitoring of two key ratios for business management as indicators of aggressive accounting practices.

This is the first case that applies the Beneish's model to the Spanish food sector.

Perception of succession process regarding to gender does not seem to match reality.

Once known, women's management capabilities are very much appreciated.

Bearing in mind women as potential successors is positive to the achievement of the FB.

A means test was carry out after categorising the wineries as familiar or not.

Return on assets (ROA) and operating margin were higher on family wineries.

Relative debt and debt ratio were higher in companies considered as non-family.

Return on equity (ROE) was equal between the different wineries.

The size does not differ between the groups.