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Inicio Revista de Psicodidáctica (English Edition) Anxiety and depression in educational settings: Prevalence, assessment, and impa...
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Vol. 29. Issue 1.
Pages 1-8 (January - June 2024)
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Vol. 29. Issue 1.
Pages 1-8 (January - June 2024)
Original
Anxiety and depression in educational settings: Prevalence, assessment, and impact on psychological adjustment
Ansiedad y depresión en contextos educativos: prevalencia, evaluación e impacto en el ajuste psicológico
M. Ángeles Casaresa,b,
Corresponding author
, Adriana Díez-Gómeza, Alicia Pérez-Albéniza, Eduardo Fonseca-Pedreroa
a Universidad de La Rioja, Spain
b Universidad Isabel I, Spain
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Goodness-of-fit indices for the extended and short versions: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7
Table 2. Standardised factor loadings of items from the short version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 (GAD-7): PHQ-GAD-8
Table 3. Prevalence of self-reported depressive and anxiety symptoms in the total sample
Table 4. Pearson correlations between the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the brief version of the PHQ-GAD-8 and psychometric indicators of psychological adjustment
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Abstract

Symptoms of anxiety and depression constitute one of the main challenges for educational and social-health systems among young people. The main objective of this study was to study the symptoms of anxiety and depression in educational contexts. For this purpose, prevalence rates have been analyzed, a brief screening test to assess anxiety and depression has been validated and its relationship with psychological adjustment has been studied. A total of 2228 Spanish adolescents (M=14.49 years, SD=1.76; 52.9% female) participated in the study. The brief version developed to assess emotional problems was adjusted to a two-factor model (depression and anxiety). The reliability of the scores was ω=.82 and ω=.87. Symptoms of anxiety and depression have been positively associated with negative affect and emotional and behavioural problems, and negatively related with positive affect and quality of life. Emotional regulation difficulties seen to be common in educational contexts and impact on different indicators of psychological adjustment during adolescence. Anxiety and depression can be assessed with reliable screening test. It is necessary to implement programs for the prevention of emotional problems in educational contexts.

Keywords:
Mental health
Anxiety
Depression
Adolescents
Assessment
Educational settings
Resumen

Los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión constituyen uno de los principales retos para los sistemas educativos y sociosanitarios entre los jóvenes. El objetivo principal de este estudio ha sido analizar los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en contextos educativos. Para ello se han examinado las tasas de prevalencia, se ha validado un test de cribado breve para evaluar la ansiedad y la depresión y se ha estudiado su relación con el ajuste psicológico. Han participado un total de 2235 adolescentes españoles (M=14.49 años, DT=1.76; 52.9% mujeres). La versión breve desarrollada para valorar los problemas emocionales se ha ajustado a un modelo de dos factores (ansiedad y depresión) relacionados. La fiabilidad de las puntuaciones ha sido ω=.82 y ω=.87. Los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión se han asociado positivamente con el afecto negativo y los problemas emocionales y de conducta, y negativamente con el afecto positivo y la calidad de vida. Las dificultades de regulación emocional parecen ser prevalentes en contextos educativos e impactan en diferentes indicadores de ajuste psicológico de los adolescentes. Los síntomas de ansiedad y la depresión se pueden evaluar con test de cribado breves. Se hace necesario implementar programas de prevención de problemas emocionales en contextos educativos.

Palabras clave:
Salud mental
Ansiedad
Depresión
Adolescentes
Evaluación
Contextos educativos

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